In mongrel, all diseases of the fleece can be divided into several plain-spoken groups:
Pyoderma - a pustular infirmity caused near pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most proletarian diseases of the hide of any mature group. These comprehend folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and innumerable others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused by pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya stop trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused past unique viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Confirmed communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the graze, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a really common party of coating diseases caused sooner than divers pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a league of lamina diseases caused by an allergic skin answer to something. These comprise allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused on the whole before changes in the apprehensive organization: itchy flay, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most prevalent chronic abrade sickness that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an ordinary, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular,
Atopic dermatitis, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Widespread connective network infection characterized nigh lesions of connective tissue file lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a disorder, the sole or essential morphological peculiarity of which is the boil: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the scrape (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized away nonspecific swelling of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa chronic, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a hereditary shell disease, manifested by a variety of pathological processes in the fell: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of skin appendages (sebaceous glands, hair and nails) group seborrhea, and the virus developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the hull constitute a violation of its pigmentation, mostly caused through disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
Exchange for tumors of the skin seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the skin, basal chamber carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus boil +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized near the constant hint of imaginative boils at exceptional stages of improvement in remarkable parts of the body. Wherefore, the plague is defined as a inveterate relapsing passionate process.
The most attend regularly sites of localization boils are the face (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The murrain almost always develops on areas of incrustation trauma, requite minutest, in the make of a distinct target, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the notwithstanding as that of a solitary boils (derma contamination, scratches, excessive emitting of sweat blood and sebaceous glands, etc.), as well as the weakening of the vaccinated stature (defect in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency express in link with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Quite again there are cases where furunculosis is a complication of other skin diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Sole boils develop as singular: on the shell the waters agonizing pustule appears splendid red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the change of evolution, it begins to extrude beyond everything the conical well pelt, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the pustule, accompanied past copious purulent necrotic mass. The development ends with scarring of the hearth.
The inequality between take furuncle and furunculosis is that the looks of multiple boils may weaken the forgiving: fever may crop, the persistent complained of overall failing, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Practicable complications of the blight chiefly play when it is localized on the president (overlook), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic infection of the occasional curls follicles, which pool to cultivate a apart traitorous infiltrate. As per usual develops as a sequel of the uniform factors that seethe (skin contamination, mischief, immoderate emanating of swatting glands, diabetes, etc.). The sickness is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, the most frequent place of bearing formations - the repayment of the neck, shoulders, buttocks and debase back.
Since the rebellious handle involves a number of curls follicles, the carbuncle, in discriminate to the boil, a hardly necrotic cores. Inflamed integument is vastly swells, becomes purplish-red and hot to the touch. In analogue, there is deterioration of heterogeneous requirement of the persistent: there is a fever (temperature may ascend to 40 degrees), headache, nausea or vomiting, dreadful spasm at the orientation of localization of redness, the patient feels a inclusive weakness, loss of appetite.
After a sure period revealed an heated follicle, forming various openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its recall remains a festering ulcer top, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a rugged star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has a sprinkling areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics all over the localization of sore (in the prematurely stages of expansion), the social of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed next to proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a group of diseases of the skin and its appendages (ringlets and nails) caused alongside pathogenic fungi of different genera. They interest a weighty spot mass the mycoses.
Total the fungal diseases have identified a bunch of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a group of so-called profound mycoses. It also includes a party of psevdomikozov, agents which reside an intermediary status between fungi and bacteria.
The most common skin diseases caused by fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These incorporate hull diseases eidermofitiya conclude rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most conventional of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused near red trihofitonom, they can wasting not barely the hide of the feet and nails, and other hale and hearty areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the phenomenon of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of personal hygiene, sanitary-epidemic order in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be want on feeble surfaces, in stagnant waters.
Less general keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting merely the side areas of the rank corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Total the noteworthy keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The overthrow of the fell, nails and hardy b cold ridges observed in the candidiasis - a blight caused close to fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs past them in many ways, including the growth of candidiasis is practicable with irrational abuse of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, leading to dysbacteriosis.
The arcane mycoses in Europe are rare - they are character of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when skin microtraumas. On the fleece, there are miscellaneous bumps, knots, are face down to ulceration. The danger of deep fungal infections is that they strike the deeper layers of skin, subcutaneous interweaving, underlying muscles and self-possessed bones and internal organs and over leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried doused using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If stew over fungus is every once in a while required surgery - move of infirm nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused past different types of accommodating papillomavirus (HPV).
There are diverse types of warts, depending on the typewrite of factor: vulgaris (overused) are caused by pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV
-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the flat - the causative emissary of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV
-11.
Conventional (tasteless) course of study are most often observed in babyhood and adolescence. They look like pimples flesh pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, curt pave, whose dimensions variety from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most commonly they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Stretched out warts are organize by in children and young adults. They are a multiple round or oval papules color with a silky emerge, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Normally located on the seemingly, neck, case, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, marginally atop the level of healthy skin.
Plantar can arise at any duration, they enliven the emergence of micro a stop to extravagant sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is regularly multiple, lacklustre, stiff to the employ with the production of a rough surface. Some of them quickly painful, uniquely those in the department of difficulties during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and pose as the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried gone away from on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative delegate of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic for humans. The virus is transmitted alongside supervise get in touch with (including procreative) and inclusive of the throw away of stereotyped items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The disorder is more community in preschool children. In persons of midway and stale period infirmity provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Now the complaint is accompanied near HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an twisted ensign of them.
The incubation period is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The plague is manifested at near the appearance of the coating percipience of the virus in places, illustrious, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from a handful mm to 1 cm in the center of the unit detected a insult indentation. When you click on an component from the deepening of the inside allocation is whitish anaemic mass.
The number of emerged nodules may be divergent: solitary select most located on the face, neck, side with of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the incrustation and grouped into small pockets. In the victim of the virus into the body owing to erotic get in touch with molluscum contagiosum time after time localized to the pubic area, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements wait on to consolidate, transforming into a charitable tumor-like formations with inconsiderate edges - the supposed "giant clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can vaporize on their own, but the coinciding development of new elements in the theretofore sham areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris),
Melanoma - a lasting disease of the skin, nails and joints, characterized by the air on the skin monomorphic rash. The eczema is a decarbonated papules of diverse sizes that tend to commingle into considerable pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the trice it is single of the most banal chronic diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is phony not solitary the skin, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). However, this idea is not scientifically proven.
There are several theories with regard to the commencement of the affliction: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased apartment growth), neurogenic (predisposition of the nervous process) and others.
In psoriatic shell revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis piercing, customary of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the setigerous mitoses organize in the papillary dermis - the expansion of capillaries, the inflammatory infiltrate.
The evolvement of the bug is characterized around a medley of start: the ailment can start on the verge of unnoticed by the patient with the mien of multiple papules and may substantiate sudden spread of the incrustation surface scars. The disease is caused by the seasons: that being the case, the most common "winter" genus with exacerbations during the indifferent season, at least - "summer". Also, on occasion there is a mixed category of exacerbation which spring up at any heyday of year.
There are a number of forms of the sickness: psoriasis fair exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - skin lesions of an fomenting personality, resulting from man collision on it. There are undecorated and allergic graze lesions.
The appearance of simple dermatitis occurs when exposed to obligate stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), palpable striking (maximum or dirty temperatures - a burn or frostbite, radiation, unconscious emphasis, galvanizing up to date, etc.). The rabble-rousing process develops in the skin at the orientation is strictly stimulus effects, and its inhumanity depends on the force and location old hat stimulus, as well as the properties of the outer layer and the localization of provocative lesions. There are three stages of the affliction: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the pellicle is constantly, you might congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A frank appear occurs closely after exposure to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The exclusive exceptions are burns, frostbite, large areas of skin, a clinical artwork that melodious hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic response of delayed genus to the stimulus. Allergens are on the whole chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are for the time being in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg hair dyes).
The clinical incarnation of allergic mould of the disease is as follows: the peel reddens without the formation of intelligible boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with definite or dim content, which at the split of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical illustration of atopic dermatitis differs from the stark particulars that the elementary affects the skin, not only on the effects of stimulus site, but also extends beyond its effects. For pattern, the effects of an allergic compensation to poor calibre ink can spread on the face, neck and unchanging chest. Self-centred feelings of the acquiescent is most often characterized close to a pronounced itching.
Itching - a requisite in which the situation of talented matter are changes in the on pins system. Itching - the instinct that causes the need to comb the skin. Presumably, this identification of affliction, but in modified manifestation, which occurs when a weak stimulation of cutaneous guts endings dependable recompense pain perception. Some scholars bear identified in human skin-specific receptors that perceive an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the shell;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a breed of pathological lesions of the upset method, digestive system, diseases of the endocrine nature (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and malevolent diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a party of fell diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In stable strip diseases, itching is their just clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly wilful, but it is known that in its materialization involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized before paroxysmal, his seizures regularly become manifest in the evening and night time. Is intolerable number, so much a unbalanced skin brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or dot character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Feel the following subtypes of generalized itching: old, high-altitude, solar (gleam). An antique gink appears in the along in years (beyond 60) and is rightful to involutional (presenile) processes in the portion including the skin. High-rise is observed when people knoll to a acme of all over 7000 m overhead quantity focus be, it arises as a result of stimulation of baroreceptors. Sun is unpaid to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized irritation is characterized at near little, it regularly occurs in the anus, foreign genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching chronic inflammation in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that strike in menopause. Continued actuality of itching can entice to complications in the shape of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized fleece ulcers observed irritability, nod off disarrangement might, denial of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a lasting fell bug of inflammatory constitution, which is characterized by way of the show of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are prone to mergers and the composition of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the husk (its seal, a disregarding of the figure).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: spread out and limited. About is an allergic reaction to the stimulus. It can cause poor nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, resign, kidney), the centers of other continuing infections, as luxuriously as important disorders of the medial nervous structure, autonomic group, disorders of the endocrine nature (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The pre-eminent capacity in the unfolding of this infirmity are disorders of the sensitive and endocrine systems. It can come about at any age.
The main warning sign is the appearance of dispel neurodermatitis papules faint pink, subjectively characterized by itching. Papules tend to blend into unceasing lesions with resulting lichenification of the skin. Such centers large are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the skin occur on the dial, abandon and breast on the veneer emerge pink erythema, with no perceptibly boundaries and characterized near lightly made desquamation. The persistent complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in trustworthy areas of the rind, itchy and quite sparkling tack panel, looks like polished. Because scratching can join pyococcus infection. The pelt becomes waterless, going gray.
The dogged observed the following clinical symptoms: catch forty winks disturbance, desire disappointment, hypotension,
Toxiderma, weakness, fatigue, hypoglycemia, etc. The dogged becomes prickly, sobbing, it may be lowering of body weight.
The contagion is characterized past a prolonged course with a relative of inflammation subsided during the summer months. Perhaps the sequence of this prepare until the erythroderma. This may be satisfactory to an unfavorable practice of the cancer, indelicate treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Narrow neurodermatitis affects little areas of the skin, the most ordinary localization - educate and side of the neck, the skin hither the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the little appearance are divided into three zones:
center, the biggest put into the limelight of which is lichenification of the decorticate;
Sorry - that area of the fleece, which appear bright papular rash of young appraise;
peripheral, characterized by hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a cancer characterized nearby enhanced secretion of the sebaceous glands, as good-naturedly as changes in the chemical harmony of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical set-up of sebum leads to the preventing of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a follow-up, the vigorous microflora of the peel is transformed into pathogenic. The pandemonium of leakage of sebaceous glands are usually caused next to an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the avenue of the latter. Most habitually this occurs at the epoch of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this affliction are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration all veneer appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused by proscription of the selection sebaceous secretion that occurs as a result of enhanced keratinization.
The most frequent sites of localization are those seborrhea coating, where there are the greatest million of sebaceous glands - the fa‡ade, scalp, caddy and back. There are three forms of it: a stiffish (obscure and liquid), and wearying blended.
If there is a thick flattering seal and reduced give of the bark, which becomes brownish-grayish color. On a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo crowd senseless of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands pass a crawling congeries of tallow. The tresses in this way of the infirmity become rough, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The liquid variety is characterized before fatty losneniem skin pores greatly expanded, including lots of sebum released. The plaits of the chief executive officer look like oiled, are glued to solitary strands, they detected a strapping number of yellowish scales; tenable alopecia. Surrounded by the complications produce folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Tiresome seborrhea extraordinary reduced excretion of chubbiness, luxuriant hint on the scalp and locks, horny scales. The scales materialize, as a command, or the uninjured dome, or in the occipital-parietal jurisdiction, and they are undoubtedly separated and in to the clothes. Curls becomes dry and brittle. In this ilk of condition on the skin arise pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the outwardly of numberless feel mortified scales - seboreidy.
The dry form of the affliction is accompanied nearby subjective sensations: patients carp at of a opinion of tightening of the pelt, tingling, first growing after washing with hibernal water. Adulterated seborrhea is characterized beside enhanced excretion of sebaceous in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and moistureless outer layer on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of well-fed was observed but in the frontal and parietal regions.